Mendel's Laws of Inheritance
Gregor Mendel's genetic laws discovered through pea experiments, laying the foundation for modern genetics. Includes the Law of Segregation and Law of Independent Assortment.
Genetic Experiment Setup
Punnett Square
Offspring Phenotype Statistics
📊 Cross Result Analysis
📜 Law of Segregation
When a heterozygous individual (Aa) produces gametes, the alleles segregate and enter different gametes.
- Aa × Aa → AA : Aa : aa = 1 : 2 : 1
- Phenotype ratio: Dominant : Recessive = 3 : 1
- Genotype ratio: 1 : 2 : 1
🔀 Law of Independent Assortment
Two or more pairs of alleles assort independently during gamete formation.
- AaBb × AaBb → 9 : 3 : 3 : 1
- Condition: Genes on different chromosomes
- Independent inheritance, no interference
🧬 Key Concepts
- Dominant allele: A, expressed trait
- Recessive allele: a, masked trait
- Homozygous: AA or aa
- Heterozygous: Aa
- Genotype: Genetic composition
- Phenotype: Observable trait